Summary:

Mental health issues in Canada have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, with one in five Canadians experiencing mental health problems. The pandemic has disproportionately affected certain groups, such as those with pre-existing mental health conditions, low-income workers, and women with young children. Mental health caregivers have also faced challenges, with decreased capacity to deliver services. Health-care workers were already experiencing high levels of stress, depression, and burnout even before the pandemic. To address the need for quality mental health care, a framework has been developed that focuses on accessibility, appropriateness of care, continuous learning and improvement, integration, person-centered care, recovery-oriented care, safety, stigma-free and inclusive care, trauma-informed care, and a healthy work-life environment. The Quality Mental Health Care Network is working to improve access, reduce stigma, and promote the psychological health and safety of health-care workers.

Takeaways:

🌟 Approximately one in five Canadians is experiencing mental health issues, with the number increasing to half by age 40.

🌟 The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionate effect on certain groups, including those with pre-existing mental health conditions, low-income workers, and women with young children.

🌟 Mental health caregivers have experienced decreased capacity to deliver services during the pandemic.

🌟 Health-care workers were already experiencing high levels of stress, depression, and burnout prior to the pandemic.

🌟 A quality mental health care framework has been developed, focusing on accessibility, appropriateness of care, continuous learning and improvement, integration, person-centered care, recovery-oriented care, safety, stigma-free and inclusive care, trauma-informed care, and a healthy work-life environment.

🌟 The Quality Mental Health Care Network is working to improve access, reduce stigma, and promote the psychological health and safety of health-care workers.

Mental Health in Canada: A Growing Concern

Introduction

Mental health is a growing issue in Canada, particularly after COVID-19. Approximately one in five Canadians is experiencing  mental health issues, increasing to half by age 40. Before the pandemic, about two per cent of Canadians reported moderately severe or severe symptoms of depression. By 2022, that number had skyrocketed to 14 per cent, or one in seven people.

Disproportionate Impact of the Pandemic

Furthermore, the pandemic has had a disproportionate effect on those with pre-existing mental health and substance-use conditions, low-income workers and the unemployed, and youth and women with younger children. As well, there are higher rates of suicidal ideation among Black and other ethno-racialized groups.

Challenges for Mental Health Caregivers

Nearly half (43 per cent) of mental health and substance-use caregivers say they have less capacity to deliver services than they did pre-pandemic. Even before COVID, health-care workers were suffering from stress, depression, anxiety, burnout and increased risk of suicide. They were already more likely to need time off due to illness or disability than workers in any other sector but now, statistics suggest these numbers have grown significantly, which could undermine Canada’s entire health-care system.

The Need for Quality Mental Health Care

Simply put, more people need care today. Implementation of the “quality mental health care framework” would go a long way to providing the needed care. The framework takes into consideration both providers and people with lived and living experience. For both groups, it can serve as a basis for identifying – and advocating for – quality care.

Collaborative Efforts to Support Health-Care Workers

Long before the pandemic, several health-care leaders came together to better support the well-being of health-care workers. Starting in 2016, the By Health for Health Collaborative comprised leaders from more than 20 organizations from across Canada and was led by HealthCare_CAN_ and the Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC).

Establishing the Quality Mental Health Care Network

HealthCare_CAN_ and MHCC partnered to support health-care organizations in promoting psychologically healthy and safe work environments. Along the way, they identified two risk factors specific to health-care environments. First, protection from moral distress. In other words, a provision that allows staff to work in an environment with a sense of integrity while being supported by their profession, employer and peers. Second, support for psychological self-care.

To build on this work, the partners established the Quality Mental Health Care Network, a pan-Canadian group of health-care leaders determined to improve access, reduce stigma, support recovery-oriented practices and promote the psychological health and safety of health-care workers.

The 10 Dimensions of Quality Mental Health Care

Recognizing the potential benefits for all Canadians, the network set out to establish an evidence-based quality framework for mental health care. There are 10 dimensions to this framework.

1. Being accessible: Having timely and equitable care across the continuum. This promotes prevention and early intervention. Community-based interventions are made available.
2. Securing care that is appropriate: Care that is based on evidence-based research and culturally competent.
3. Providing continuous learning and improvement: Sharing knowledge and building capacity among members of the health-care workforce. Innovative care is encouraged and supported.
4. Ensuring integration: Providing continuous care across the health-care spectrum. Making transition into community settings smooth. Involving the support system for the family and/or patient support system. Integrating with services that address social determinants of health.
5. Making it people-centred: Care is focused and organized around the health needs and expectations of people and communities rather than on disease.
6. Being recovery-oriented: Living a satisfying, hopeful and meaningful life, even when there may be ongoing limitations related to mental health problems and illnesses.
7. Emphasizing safety: Keeping people and providers safe from preventable harm. Care is culturally safe for individuals and marginalized populations.
8. Focusing on stigma-free and inclusive care: Care addresses drivers of mental health stigma and prevents stigma in mental health care practices. Providers are comfortable in coming forward with their mental health problems and illnesses at work. Addressing multiple layers of stigma (individual, interpersonal, intersectoral and structural). Providing better support to individuals who have experienced stigma and discrimination. Individuals feel respected and valued.
9. Establishing services that are trauma-informed: Recognizing the effects of trauma and violence on individuals receiving mental health care services.
10. Supporting a healthy work-life environment: A healthy workplace environment supports provider wellness and promotes psychological safety.

Benefits and Potential Outcomes

Health-care organizations that commit to the framework stand to realize a host of benefits, including improved mental health of staff and people with lived and living experience; increased staff morale and productivity; and decreased absenteeism and turnover.

Stigma has long been associated with mental illness and mental health care.

Other potential benefits include those with lived and living experience receiving accessible, integrated, trauma-informed care as well as increased levels of satisfaction for staff and those seeking services.

Overcoming Barriers

The “stigma-free and inclusive” dimension is particularly important. Stigma has long been associated with mental illness and mental health care. Many have encountered systemic and institutional stigma – policies, programs and prejudices that limit access and quality. Enabling organizations in the health-care sector and beyond to identify and reduce stigma will benefit anyone who seeks care and staff as well.

Building a Comprehensive Mental Health Care System

Although quality-of-care frameworks have previously been developed in Canada’s health-care sector, none specifically address mental health. Instead, a variety of professionals deliver services in a variety of settings and the availability of services varies widely across the country, as does insurance coverage. Social determinants, stigma and discrimination further hinder access to services.

At the same time, there is reason for optimism.

In recent years, there has been an increase in awareness of mental health, access to treatment and evidence-based resources to promote well-being as well as prevent and reduce the severity of illness. The resources, including those derived from the Quality Mental Health Care Network, range from standards for psychological health and well-being in workplaces and, for post-secondary students, training courses and tip sheets. E-mental health applications and services are also increasingly available, effective and well-received. The tangible progress on supporting mental health across Canada inspires further optimism that recovery can be achieved.

Call to Action

The network continues to work on developing and providing resources based on the framework but there is more work to do. The network calls on governments, health-care organizations and other stakeholders to:

• Implement the quality mental health care framework;
• Develop tools and resources that support the mental health, wellness, safety and resilience of health-care workers across Canada;
• Develop a national human resources strategy that addresses systemic shortages and ensures an adequate supply of health-care professionals;
• Expand the regulation of psychotherapists, counselling therapists and counsellors;
• Diversify the mental health care workforce;
• Ensure that the views of people with lived and living experience inform the planning, design and evaluation of services;
• Improve access to virtual-care options such as the Wellness Together Canada portal.

Conclusion

The framework is a bold statement about what constitutes quality mental health care at the right time, from the right team, in the right place. It complements the growing numbers of mental health resources and tools and proposes tangible ways to reduce stigma, promote person-centered care and eliminate barriers faced by people who are marginalized. It also envisions a sustainable health-care system by adopting a culture of safer workplaces and considering the needs of those that provide care.

Written in collaboration with the Quality Mental Health Care Network, established in 2019. The network, co-lead by HealthCareCAN  and the Mental Health Commission of Canada, unites health-sector leaders from across the country to help improve access to quality mental health care, including stigma reduction, support recovery oriented practices and promote the psychological health and safety of health care workers.

This article first appeared in Policy Options on Sept. 14 and is reprinted under a Creative Commons licence.