Summary:

Being nice and prioritizing the needs of others over our own can actually harm our health. Ignoring or suppressing our emotions and needs leads to chronic stress, inflammation, and poor health outcomes. Personality features such as compulsive concern for others, rigid identification with social roles, and repression of anger are common in people with chronic illness. These traits are coping patterns developed to maintain attachment to others but often come at the expense of our authenticity and well-being. Suppressing emotions disarms our ability to protect ourselves and leads to chronic stress. Society rewards the suppression of emotions and needs from a young age, further exacerbating the problem. Social conditioning and the larger social group we belong to greatly influence our personality and coping styles, ultimately impacting our health. To unlearn these patterns, we must bring more awareness to our emotions, signals, and needs and make choices that align with our true selves.

Takeaways:

🤫 Ignoring or suppressing our emotions and needs can harm our health by leading to chronic stress and inflammation.

💪 Personality features like compulsive concern for others and rigid identification with social roles are common in people with chronic illness.

😡 Anger and other "negative" emotions are essential for our survival and well-being, as they signal threats and motivate us to take action.

🤝 We develop coping patterns to maintain attachment to others, but they often compromise our authenticity and ability to protect ourselves.

⚙️ Society rewards the suppression of emotions and needs, which exacerbates the problem.

👥 Our personality and coping styles are influenced by the larger social group we belong to, impacting our health.

🧐 To unlearn these patterns, we must bring awareness to our emotions, signals, and needs, and make choices that align with our true selves.

💚 True healing involves opening ourselves to the truths of our lives and making choices that honor our genuine wants and needs.

Being Nice Can Harm Our Health

Introduction

Being nice and pleasing others – while socially applauded and generally acknowledged as positive traits – actually can harm our health, says Gabor Maté.

The Impact of Suppressed Emotions on Chronic Illness

Decades of research point to the same conclusion: Pushing down our anger, prioritizing duty and the needs of others before our own, and trying not to disappoint others are leading causes of chronic illness, says the author of the New York Times bestseller, The Myth of Normal: Trauma, Illness and Healing in a Toxic Culture.

The Link Between Physiology and Social Existence

“Our physiology is inseparable from our social existence,” argues the Vancouver physician. Ignoring or suppressing how we feel and what we need – whether done consciously or unconsciously – revs up our stress response, pushing our body toward inflammation, at the cost of our immune system, he says.

The Danger of Overworking and Neglecting Self-Care

“If we work our fingers to the bone, if we’re up all night serving our clients, if we’re always available, never taking time for ourselves, we’re rewarded financially and we’re rewarded with a lot of respect and admiration,” says Maté, “and we’re killing ourselves in the process.”

Personality Features Associated with Chronic Illness

When Maté reviewed the research on the chronic illnesses he’d treated for more than 30 years, he discovered a pattern of personality features that most frequently present in people with chronic illness:

• Automatic and compulsive concern for the emotional needs of others, while ignoring one’s own needs
• Rigid identification with social role, duty and responsibility
• Overdriven, externally focused hyper-responsibility, based on the conviction that one must justify one’s existence by doing and giving
• Repression of healthy, self-protective anger
• Harbouring and compulsively acting out two beliefs: I am responsible for how other people feel, and I must never disappoint anyone.

Overlooking the Harmful Effects of Certain Personality Traits

“Why these features and their striking prevalence in the personalities of chronically ill people are so often overlooked – or missed entirely,” is because they are among the “most normalized ways of being in this culture … largely by being regarded as admirable strengths rather than potential liabilities,” says Maté.

Coping Patterns Arising from the Tug-of-War Between Attachment and Authenticity

These characteristics have nothing to do with will or conscious choice, says Maté.

“No one wakes up in the morning and decides, ‘Today, I’ll put the needs of the whole world foremost, disregarding my own,’ or ‘I can’t wait to stuff down my anger and frustration and put on a happy face instead.’ ” Nor are we born with these traits – instead, they are coping patterns, adaptations to preserve our connection to others, sometimes at the expense of our very lives, he warns.

We develop these traits to be accepted, in what Maté describes as the tug-of-war between our competing needs for attachment and authenticity. We need attachment to survive, as we are a tribal species, wired for connection, conforming to the needs and rules of others to secure our membership in groups.

But we also need authenticity to keep us healthy. We’re designed to feel and act on emotions, especially the “negative” ones. It’s our alarm system to survive danger.

The Purpose and Function of Emotions

Low mood, anger, shame, anxiety, guilt, grief – these are all helpful responses to help us meet the challenges of our specific environments. Having loud, sensitive protective functions like emotions that sound alarms when we’re threatened isn’t a design flaw. It’s a design success.

Our emotions act as smoke alarms to match the perceived threats around us, says Nesse. This seems most obvious with emotions like fear that scream out warnings of danger. But even more subtle emotional experiences help us navigate threats and rewards for survival.

The Importance of Anger and Emotion Expression

Anger, too, is a necessary response to fight inequities, violations and having our needs blocked. It’s our most effective tool to mobilize action against injustice. The biggest obstacle to social justice is not heated opposition, but apathy. And yet society has socialized many of us to suppress anger. Even the vilified emotion of anger’s more subtle form, resentment, is helpful. When our body and brain pick up subtle cues that our boundaries are not being respected, the resentment alarm shouts out loud and clear to assert these boundaries before we even have time to reflect on the situation.

Yet the need to maintain membership in our groups has led us to suppress these vital emotional signals, disarming our ability to protect ourselves, says Maté. Not only are we missing out on signals to keep us safe from immediate dangers, we also can’t protect ourselves from the harms of chronic stress, he says. “If you go through life being stressed while not knowing you are stressed, there is little you can do to protect yourself from the long-term physiological consequences,” says Maté.

Even more problematic, says Maté, is that conscious suppression of emotions has been shown to heighten our stress response and lead to poor health outcomes. “We know that chronic stress, whatever its source, puts the nervous system on edge, distorts the hormonal apparatus, impairs immunity, promotes inflammation, and undermines physical and mental well-being,” says Maté. And numerous studies show that a body stuck in a chronic stress response stays in an inflamed state, Maté continues, the precursor of many chronic illnesses, such as heart disease, cancer, auto-immune diseases, Alzheimer’s, depression, and many others.

The Socialization of Suppressing Emotions and Needs

And yet, from a young age, society rewards suppressing our emotions and needs through compliance, pleasing, and conformity. A child often learns that expressing too much anger, for example, threatens their attachment with their parents, says Maté. “In order to survive, the child will learn to suppress their anger to be acceptable to their parents. So, the child basically has this tension between attachment, which is the relationship with the parents, or being their true self, which means authenticity, being in touch with their emotions.”

Maté is careful not to use this research to blame people for their own illnesses. “No person is their disease, and no one did it to themselves – not in any conscious, deliberate, or culpable sense,” he says. “Disease is an outcome of generations of suffering, of social conditions, of cultural conditioning, of childhood trauma, of physiology bearing the brunt of people's stresses and emotional histories, all interacting with the physical and psychological environment. It is often manifestations of ingrained personality traits, yes – but that personality is not who we are any more than are the illnesses to which it may predispose us.”

The Influence of Social Group and Culture on Health

Our personality and coping styles reflect the needs of the larger social group in which we develop, says Maté. “The roles we are assigned or denied, how we fit into society or are excluded from it, and what the culture induces us to believe about ourselves, determine much about the health we enjoy or the diseases that plague us.” Illness and health are manifestations of our social macrocosm, he argues.

The Path towards Healing

It’s no surprise then, that the inequities of society deeply affect our health, with those more politically disempowered or economically disenfranchised being forced to shape and suppress their emotions and needs most gravely to survive, says Maté. This means systemic change to fight inequities and focus on social justice is the foundation of improving our health, a common thread in The Myth of Normal.

At the same time, we can work to unlearn these behaviour patterns by bringing more awareness to our own emotions, signals in our bodies, and our needs, rather than automatically ignoring them in the service of others.

“The personality is an adaptation,” says Maté. “What we call the personality is often a jumble of genuine traits and conditioned coping styles, including some that do not reflect our true self at all but rather the loss of it.”

Maté describes true healing as opening ourselves to the truths of our lives, past and present. “After enough noticing, actual opportunities for choice begin to appear before we betray our true wants and needs,” he says. “We might now find ourselves able to pause in the moment and say, ‘Hmm, I can tell I’m about to stuff down this feeling or thought – is that what I want to do? Is there another option?’

“The emergence of new choices in place of old, preprogrammed dynamics is a sure sign of our authentic selves coming back online.”